ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the impact of a tooth-brushing guidance system on the enchancement of the dental plaque removal in preschool children. In this study, we selected a group of 124 healthy children in which their aged were between 3 and 5 years old following by treatment at the Pediatric Dentistry Center at Jinzhou Stomatological Hospital (JinZhou, Liaoning Province, China). We then followed up to check and identify the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index (TMQHPI). Study group was randomly assigned to an experimental group in which they received constantly guidance on intelligent tooth-brushing and a control group which was used by manual brushing techniques. The total numbers in each group were 62 participants that were gone under the clinical investigation for seven days. The plaque index of both groups were assessed by using a plaque display instrument and a periodontal probe for up day 28. It was shown that the experimental group had a lower average TMQHPI value (0.98 ± 0.15) in comparison with control group (1.41 ± 0.17), and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The experimental group had a significantly lower TMQHPI value (0.89 ± 0.13) on the tongue/palatal side of the anterior teeth area in comparison with control group (1.41 ± 0.17) (p < 0.05). We observed that experimental group showed significantly lower TMQHPI value (1.16 ± 0.12) on the tongue/palatal side of the posterior dental region in comparison with control group (1.70 ± 0.13) (p < 0.05). It was confirmed a significant difference in the average plaque clearance rate between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). Our study clearly indicates that a developed method of toothbrush guide effectively improved the removal rate of plaque compared with manual tooth-brush, specifically in hard-to-reach areas like the tongue and palate.
Subject(s)
Dental Plaque , Child, Preschool , Humans , Cross-Over Studies , Dental Plaque/prevention & control , Dental Plaque Index , Equipment Design , Single-Blind Method , ToothbrushingABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the clinical effect of bulk-fill composite resin combined with transparent preformed crowns for aesthetic restoration of deciduous incisor of children.@*Methods@#A predesigned clinical prospective randomized controlled research method was used to select 90 patients (123 teeth). The random number table method was divided into three groups: A, B, and C. Group A was treated with a bulk-fill composite resin of SF (SonicFill) combined with a transparent preformed crown (41 teeth in 30 cases), and group B was treated with a large block of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill Composite resin combined with transparent preformed crowns (39 teeth in 29 cases). Group C was treated with 3M Z350 XT universal nano resin combined with transparent preformed crowns (43 teeth in 31 cases). The visual analog scale (VAS) and the modified USPHS standard were used to evaluate the completeness, marginal steps, marginal discoloration, surface condition, secondary caries and satisfaction of the parents with prostheses after 12 months.@*Results @#Twelve months after the operation, the evaluation indexes of group A were better than those of group B and group C, and the differences were statistically significant, including edge integrity (χ2=10.847, P=0.028), edge step (χ2=7.799, P=0.020), edge discoloration (χ2=10.391, P=0.034), surface state (χ2=11.476, P=0.021), and secondary caries (χ2=10.447, P=0.034). The satisfaction of parents in group A on the overall contour (χ2=10.238, P=0.037), shape and texture (χ2=11.521, P=0.021) were better than those in group B and group C, and the differences were statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the evaluation of color satisfaction among the three groups (χ2=0.990, P=0.610).@* Conclusion@#SonicFill bulk-fill composite resin combined with transparent preformed crown is good for short-term aesthetic restoration of deciduous incisor, and parental satisfaction is high.
ABSTRACT
Freshwater lake of the Tibetan plateau has great ecological value and extreme vulnerability. The water samples have been collected in Daggyaima Co at an altitude of 5 080 m +/- 10 m. This study has investigated the sources, the major controlling factors of the major ions, and hydrochemical evolution trend according to the hydrochemical composition of water samples. The results showed that the major cations and anion of lake water were Ca(2+), Na(+) and HCO3(-), respectively, and the hydrochemical type was HCO3 -Ca, The total dissolved solid (TDS) was in the range of 71.2-199.8 mg x L(-1). The concentrations of EC, Ca(2+) and HCO3(-) in water samples from Southeast areas were relatively low resulted from the rich aluminum and poor calcium of geological background and the dilution effect of surface runoff. The Na(+)/(Na(+) + Ca(2+)) of water samples was 0.08-0.75, Cl(-) /(Cl(-) + HCO3(-)) was 0.11-0.35, Ca/Na was 0.58, Mg/Ca was 0.12, and HCO3/Na was 1.46, which suggested that the hydrochemical composition of the lake water was mainly controlled by silicate rock weathering based on Gibbs model and analysis of elemental stoichiometry. The minerals participated in weathering processes included plagioclase (anorthite, albite), potassium feldspar, biotite, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, rock salt, etc. The average value of K/Na was 0.059, indicating the weathering level of potassium feldspar was relatively low. The saturation index (SI) of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, quartz and hematite contained in the lake was higher than zero, while the SI of rock salt was lower than 0, revealing the trend that the freshwater lake is turning into salt water lake in Tibetan Plateau.
